動(dòng)詞have在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中的用法

動(dòng)詞have在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中的用法

（蘭州三十四中學(xué) 石玉蘭）
    一、have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞。
    1.表示“有”的意思。
    Look,I have wings,just like you.(JBⅤL1)
    He had fair hair and blue eyes.(JBⅥL2)
    〔注1〕：其否定和疑問(wèn)形式變化，在美國(guó)通常用助動(dòng)詞do。
    〔注2〕：在英國(guó)口語(yǔ)中常用have got代替have.
    Look,can't you see I've got teeth,too,(JBⅤL1)
    I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5)
    2.have和一些其他名詞連用，表示：
    (1)一種活動(dòng)。
    We have no classes on Sunday.（上課）(JBⅡL11)
    They're going to have a volleyball match.（舉行比賽）(JBⅢL11)
    Are we going to have a meeting this week?（開會(huì)）(JBⅢL11)
    We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（聽(tīng)報(bào)告）(JBⅢL11)
    (2)患病。
    I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8)
    I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3)
    (3)發(fā)生的情況。
    I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）(JBⅣL10)
    (4)生育。
    The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in onesummer.(SBⅠL14)
    3.和一與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞連用，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作（have＋a＋由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞）。
    Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)
    I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)
    4.have on sth或have sth on，表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to bewearing)。
    I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)
    At the ball Mathilde had a diamond necklace on.
    5.表示“吃”、“喝”。
    I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)
    Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)
    6.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。
    (1)不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb do sth)，表示讓、叫某人做某事。
    The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)
    〔注〕：否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.
    We won't have you blame it on others.
    She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
    (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb(sth)doing)，表示讓（使）某人做某事。
    …the two men had their lights burning all night long….
    (3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb (sth)done)，表示：
    ①使（讓，請(qǐng)）別人作某事，表示的動(dòng)作是別人做的。
    Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)
    …h(huán)e should have new clothes made of this splendid clothfor the coming great procession.(SBⅠ L8)
    ②遭遇到某事。
    Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12)
    Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBⅠL12)
    二、have與to一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“不得不”、“必
    須”，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
    I have to look after her at home.(JBⅢL4)
    三、have做助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
    和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
    Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBⅥL3)
    They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBⅤL4)
    四、have用于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有
    推測(cè)、假設(shè)之意。
    1.must＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測(cè)，一般用于肯定句。
    Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBⅠL10)
    You must have left your bag in the theatre.
    2.can(could)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。
    He can't have been to your home,he doesn't know youraddress.
    3.should＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，表示“某事本該早做而實(shí)際未做”，用于肯定句。
    You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBⅡL10)
    五、have用于某些成語(yǔ)，表示固定的意思。
    1.have a word(a few words)with sb，表示和某人說(shuō)一（幾）句話。
    Where's Peter?I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)
    2.had better＋不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“…最好…”。
    I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)
    3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…無(wú)（有）”關(guān)系。
    Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.(JBⅤL9)

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