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淺談高中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)的方法
淺談高中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)的方法 （永泰三中 周大明）
NMET試題容量大，覆蓋面廣。在復(fù)習(xí)迎考中要善于把握各知識(shí)點(diǎn)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，做到融會(huì)貫通，舉一反三 ，現(xiàn)分述如下：
一、語(yǔ)音
１、單詞讀者判斷的難點(diǎn)之一是許多單詞的元音是發(fā)長(zhǎng)音還是發(fā)短音。我們要善于從中找出規(guī)律性的東西 。試看下列兩組單詞劃線部分的讀音：
Group Ⅰ:
forget forbid forever permit Saturday
vinegar grammar captain mountain
certain curtain information regret
refuse remember renew valley
Group Ⅱ:
certain curtain worthy sport
fortunately remarry reunite train
contain gain key
第一組單詞劃線部分都是發(fā)短元音，甚至弱化，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际窃谌踝x音節(jié)中；第二組單詞劃線部分都是發(fā) 雙元音或長(zhǎng)元音，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际窃谥刈x音節(jié)中。所以在判斷一些單詞的劃線部分是讀長(zhǎng)元音還是短元音時(shí)，要 從判斷其位于重讀還是弱讀音節(jié)入手。
２、對(duì)于較規(guī)律性的東西，要進(jìn)行歸納、對(duì)比，使之溶為一體，這樣就會(huì)記得入耳入腦。如：mouth,path ,bath,youth,earth,truth這些詞以清輔音結(jié)尾，但當(dāng)它們變成復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，其詞尾的清輔音變成濁輔音，而m onth,cloth,death,tenth,length等詞都沒(méi)有這種變化。其一般規(guī)律是：“th”前為雙元音或長(zhǎng)元音時(shí)要變；“ th”前為短元音時(shí)則不變。再如：詞首“ex”是發(fā)［igz］，［iks］還是［eks］？許多同學(xué)感到困難，其實(shí)也 有一些規(guī)律：
１）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，以“ex”開頭的單詞，其后為元音音素，且重音落在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上的，“ex”發(fā)［igz］。 如：example,examine,exist,examination,exhibit,exhaust（“h”不發(fā)音），exact,exactly,etc.
２）以“ex”開頭的單詞，其后為輔音音素，且重音落在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上的，“ek”發(fā)［iks］。如：excha nge,experiment,expect,except,excuse,expense,extraordinary,etc.
３）以“ex”開頭的單詞，不管其后為何音素，只要第一個(gè)音節(jié)為重讀或次重讀的，“ex”發(fā)［eks］。如 ：extra,expert,exercise,excellent,exhibition,expeditionary,etc.
３、把有關(guān)的詞編成有意義的句子，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口，便于記憶。如：“ ［u］，不符合的發(fā)［u:］：１）在［k］前面；２）在弱讀音節(jié)中；３）A good wooden foot stood on a wo olen hood（一條好木腳直立在一頂毛兜帽上。），本句單詞及它們的派生詞：good,good-bye,wood,footmark ,football,understood,misunderstood,wool,childhood,etc.
英語(yǔ)單詞的讀音沒(méi)有既定的規(guī)律，但只要去認(rèn)真分析、發(fā)現(xiàn)，還是可以找到許多“不成規(guī)律的規(guī)律”。
二、詞匯
NMET考查的詞匯都是課本中的常見(jiàn)詞，掌握這些詞的難點(diǎn)不是識(shí)記其拼寫，而是領(lǐng)會(huì)其確切含義，把握其 固定搭配，弄通一詞多性及一詞多義。為達(dá)到上述目的，在復(fù)習(xí)中可采用下列方法：
１、利用一些典型例句，典型詞匯，對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、歸納，從而達(dá)到培養(yǎng)逆向思維，提高應(yīng)試能力。如：
１）He looked(A.calm;B,calmly)。答案是A.looked是系動(dòng)詞。
２）He looked(A.calm;B.calmly)at me.答案是B.looked是行為動(dòng)詞。
３）He looked friendly(A.at;B.to)me as if we were close friends.答案是B。主句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，fri endly是形容詞。
４）He looked(A.at;B.to)me in a friendly way as if we were closefriends.答案是A。in a friend ly way當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)。
再如：He got married at the age of 25.
He was healthy for his age.
He lived a happy life in his old age.
He grew impatient with age.
A leader can’t be judged by his age.
復(fù)習(xí)age一詞，聯(lián)系了at,for,in,with,by等介詞的有關(guān)用法，達(dá)到了培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。
２、編成順口溜，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口，久而不忘。如：對(duì)于哪些動(dòng)詞后面的從句要用含蓄的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只要 記住：一堅(jiān)持，二命令，三建議，四要求。insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,request,requir e,demand,ask.就可掌握了十個(gè)詞。再補(bǔ)上：be determined that,urge that,it’s decidedthat,hold the v iew that.中學(xué)階段的此類動(dòng)詞就基本掌握了。 [1] [2] [3] 下一頁(yè) e.g.1.I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting tonight.
2.He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.
3.They insisted that we(should)begin the work at once.(SB Ⅱ,P.114)
再如：哪些動(dòng)詞后面要跟省“to”的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)，只要記�。阂桓�，二聽，三讓，四看。fe el,hear,listen to,let（不跟現(xiàn)在分詞），have,make（不跟現(xiàn)在分詞），see,notice,watch,observe又可掌 握十個(gè)詞。
e.g.1.I had never seen it break out,until I saw it in the dyingboy.(SB Ⅱ,P.52)
2.Now let me hear you play(JB Ⅳ,P.107)
對(duì)于動(dòng)詞后面既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞，但所表達(dá)的意義迥然不同的詞，只要記�。阂挥�，二忘，三遺 憾，四試，五圖，六停止。就可將remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop六個(gè)單詞記下了。
e.g.1.To reach it meant climbing up a small set of steps….(SB Ⅱ,P.224)
2.What do you mean to do with it?
3.He tried to break away from me.
4.Try doing more exercises;you’ll soon lose weight.
對(duì)許多枯燥的識(shí)記材料，我們要善于從中找出內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，利用找同義詞，反義詞，借助構(gòu)詞法或編成有 意義的句子或順口溜，可大大降低識(shí)記的難度。
三、句型
句型復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)要放在把握各句型間的異同點(diǎn)，主要有不同時(shí)態(tài)的相互聯(lián)系與區(qū)別，從句間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化及 區(qū)別，以及簡(jiǎn)單句，復(fù)合句，并列句的區(qū)別與轉(zhuǎn)化等。句型復(fù)習(xí)同樣可以從典型例句入手，達(dá)到舉一反三的效 果。例如：
１、He didn’t tell me how he was getting on with his English.
I don’t know that he is getting on well with his English.
I don’t know what he is getting on well with.
I don’t know whether he is getting on well with his friend.
２、Because his mother was ill,he had to stay at home.（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）
Because of his mother’s illness,he had to stay at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）
With his mother ill,he had to stay at home. （介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）
His mother being ill,he had to stay at home.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）
３、He has three children;two of them are daughters.（并列句）
He has three children,two of whom are daughters.（定語(yǔ)從句）
He has three children,two of them daughters.（同位句）
４、When the meeting will take place is still unknown.（主語(yǔ)從句）
I don’t know the meeting will take place.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
The question is when we’ll hold the meeting.（表語(yǔ)從句）
When the meeting takes place,I’ll let you know.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)）
５、People usually build their houses where there are plenty ofnatural resourse.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從 句）
The books used to be kept in the house where there are lots of shelves.（定語(yǔ)從句，where可被 in which代替）
He has never been to where his grandfather was born.（賓語(yǔ)從句，where不可被其它詞所代替）
Where the neeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.（主語(yǔ)從句，where也不宜被其它詞所代替 ）
６、His being elected made his family wild with joy.（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)） 上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] 下一頁(yè) That he had been elected made his family wild with joy.（主語(yǔ)從句，that不可省略）
He having been elected,his family are wild with joy.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用He而不是His）
總之，到了總復(fù)習(xí)階段，對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握再也不能停留在一詞組，一句型上，而要善于利用知識(shí)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián) 系進(jìn)行縱橫類比，從詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，詞義改變，連詞選擇，標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用等方面去全方位把握知識(shí)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系與區(qū)別 ，只有這樣才能達(dá)到融會(huì)貫通，舉一反三，事半功倍的效果。
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