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談高考英語(yǔ)試題中“省略”的考查
談高考英語(yǔ)試題中“省略”的考查 對(duì)省略現(xiàn)象的考查已成為近年來(lái)英語(yǔ)高考試題中的�？键c(diǎn)。因?yàn)槭÷赃@種語(yǔ)法手段既可避免重復(fù)，突出新 的信息，又能使上下文更緊密地連接起來(lái)。這也正符合現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏的需要。因此，在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，只要不 損害結(jié)構(gòu)和引起歧義，能省略的地方就盡可能省略。
但有時(shí)省略的成分，在句中占有相當(dāng)?shù)姆萘�，能表達(dá)一定的信息，這無(wú)疑就增加了試題的難度。因此在解 題時(shí)，除了應(yīng)特別注意進(jìn)行語(yǔ)境分析，從上文或上、下文中找出相關(guān)的省略成份外，還要對(duì)常用的省略知識(shí)有 所了解，從而做到有的放矢，找出解題的突破口。下面就該問(wèn)題作一分析。
一、復(fù)合句中的省略現(xiàn)象
復(fù)合句中的省略現(xiàn)象通常出現(xiàn)在狀語(yǔ)從句中。
一）在含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句中，常在as或than引導(dǎo)的分句中省略某些與主句相同的成分或省略在特定上 下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整個(gè)as/than從句。如：
1.The pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(MET90)
A.cheaper;not as better
B.more cheap; not as better
C.cheaper; not as good
D.more cheap; not as good
本題應(yīng)選C。分別為cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略。
2.John plays football________,if not better than, David.(NMET94)
A.as well B.as well as
C.so well D.so well as
本題應(yīng)選B。根據(jù)上下文可看出if not better than 為if Johndoesn't play football better than David(plays football) 的省略。那么，排除這個(gè)條件的話，John和David就踢得一樣好了。 故要用副詞well 的同級(jí)比較的肯定式。
3.How beautifully she sings! I've never heard _______ .(NMET96)
A.the better voice B.a good voice
C.the best voice D.a better voice
本題應(yīng)選D。從整個(gè)語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析，后句中的比較狀語(yǔ)從句than hers被省略掉了。故此題應(yīng)選比較級(jí)。
二）如果復(fù)合句中的時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語(yǔ)從句用了主語(yǔ)＋be＋分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，且主、從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省 略從句的連接詞、主語(yǔ)和be助動(dòng)詞，只保留分詞和其它成分。如：
4.________in thought, he almost ran into the car in frontof him.(NMET96)
A.Losing B.Having lost
C.Lost D.To lose
本題應(yīng)選C。Lost in thought 為As he was lost in thought之省略。
5.________more attention, the trees could have grownbetter.(MET90)
A.Given B.To give
C.Giving D.Having given
本題應(yīng)選A。Given more attention為If they were given moreattention之省略。
三）在含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果定語(yǔ)從句用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ，可省略關(guān)系代詞和助動(dòng)詞。只保留分詞或其它成分。如：
6.The Olympic Games,_______ in 776 B.C., did not includewomen players until 1912.(NMET97)
A.first playing B.to be first played
C.first played D.to be first playing
本題應(yīng)選C。first played 為which was first played 之省略。
7.Do you know the boy__________ under the big tree? (MET89)
A. lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
本題應(yīng)選D。lying為who is lying之省略。
8.Most of the artists ________ to the party were fromSouth Africa.(MET90)
A.invited B.to invite
C.being invited D.have been invited
本題應(yīng)選A。invited為who were invited之省略。
9.The first textbooks________for teaching English as aforeign language came out in the 1 6th century. [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一頁(yè) A.having written B.to be written
C.being written D.written(NMET94)
本題應(yīng)選D。written為that were written之省略。
四）如復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)的話，從句的句尾可省略掉（括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容為省略掉的成分）。 如：
10.Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).
11.Mary is going to sweep the floor because/though Alicewon't(sweep the floor).
五）在復(fù)合句中，如果兩個(gè)并列的狀語(yǔ)從句只是從屬連詞不同，其它相同時(shí)，則可省略一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，而 把兩個(gè)從屬連詞連接起來(lái)（括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容為省略的成分）。如：
12.They will be arriving either before (the film begins)or after the film begins.
六）在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如有兩個(gè)并列的that從句的主動(dòng)詞及隨帶成份（賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等） 一樣時(shí)，可將第二個(gè)that從句的主動(dòng)詞及隨帶成份省略。兩個(gè)并列的that從句，如果主語(yǔ)相同，而謂語(yǔ)不同， 可把第二個(gè)that從句的連詞和主語(yǔ)一齊省略。兩個(gè)并列的從句如連詞不同而其它成份相同，可省略第一分句和 第二分句相同的部分，只把兩個(gè)連詞連接起來(lái)（括號(hào)內(nèi)容為省略的成分）。如：
13.I know Mary will sing in the party but John won't(sing in the party).
14.Tell him that I'll call to see him and (that I'll) havesupper with him.
15.I don't know when (he was born) and where he was born.
二、在回答一般疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中；或回答用陳述句，祈使句表示要求、命令的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中。 常用Yes /No＋主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞， 而省略主動(dòng)詞或其它成份。但助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和原句的助動(dòng)詞和時(shí)間概念須保持相應(yīng)的一致； 或根據(jù)句意選擇對(duì)特殊問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常省略和問(wèn)句相重復(fù)的部分，只保留新信息部分。如：
1.—Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
—I ______ ,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
A.had B.would
C.was going to D.did
本題選C。據(jù)句意，是表示昨天打算要來(lái)。 was going to 后省略了come yesterday。
2.—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ________ . (NMET92)
A.might B.will C.can D.should
本題選C。could在句中表示委婉語(yǔ)氣，而不是過(guò)去時(shí)，答語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用can；can后省略了borrow my dictiona ry。
3.—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—__________.(NMET94)
A.I don't B.I won't
C.I can't D.I haven't
本題選B。因祈使句含有未來(lái)的意味，再加上有tomorrow的限制，因而應(yīng)用I won't回答。I won't 后省略 了forget to go to yourbirthday party tomorrow。
4.—How long has this bookshop been in business?
—_________ 1982.(NMET94)
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
本題選D。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)， 該題承前省略了主語(yǔ)、 謂語(yǔ)It hasbeen in business 等； 只保留了新信 息（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）部分； 再由Howlong對(duì)時(shí)間段提問(wèn)的限制，只能選Since。
三、在回答問(wèn)句及其它形式的答語(yǔ)中，如有和上文重復(fù)的不定式時(shí)，在答語(yǔ)中只保留其不定式符號(hào)to，而 把動(dòng)詞和其它部分省略。如：
1.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like to,______I'm too busy. (NMET94)
A.and B.so C.as D.but
本題應(yīng)選D。據(jù)上文， 下文中的I'd like to 后省略了come todinner tonight，這樣很容易看出逗號(hào) 前后信息相反，故選but。
2.—I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mindlooking after my cat? 上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一頁(yè) —Not at all,__________.(NMET95)
A.I've no time B.I'd rather not
C.I'd like it D.I'd be happy to
本題應(yīng)選D。據(jù)Not at all 的限制，A、B不合題意。C搭配錯(cuò)， 因'd like后應(yīng)跟不定式。I'd be happy to 后省略了look after yourcat。
3.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, buthis mother told him_________.
(NMET95)
A.not to B.not to do
C.not do it D.do not to
本題選A。not to 后省略了和上文相重復(fù)的ride his bicycle inthe street。
四、英語(yǔ)中的反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句常用一個(gè)肯定的陳述句，再加上一個(gè)只保留助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn) 句的否定形式；或一個(gè)否定的陳述句，再加上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句的肯定形式；而其它成分則被省略。祈使句的反 意問(wèn)句形式，不管祈使句是肯定的還是否定的，除了在Let's...后加簡(jiǎn)略的疑問(wèn)句shall we外，其余的都在其 后加will you。如：
1.It's a fine day. Let's go fishing,________?
A.won't we B.will we
C.don't we D.shall we(MET90)
本題選D。
2.Be sure to write to us, _______?(NMET93)
A.will you B.aren't you
C.can you D.mustn't you
本題選A。
五、在英語(yǔ)中，有一些特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu)， 如：What/How about...? Why not do...?等實(shí)際上已形成了習(xí) 慣用法。How/What about 后只跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）；Why not后只接動(dòng)詞原形。如：
1.How about the two of us________a walk down the garden?(MET93)
A.to take B.take
C.taking D.to be taking
本題選C。
2.—I usually go there by train.
—Why not_______by boat for a change? (NMET92)
A.to try going B.trying to go
C.to try and go D.try going
本題選D。
六、和前文重復(fù)的助動(dòng)詞或重復(fù)的主要?jiǎng)釉~也可省略（括號(hào)部分為省略的成分）。如：
1. You could have come and (you could have) told me.
2.Please clean the classroom and (clean) the reading-room.
七、和前文重復(fù)的冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞及其它的限定詞、介詞和連詞等也可省略（括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容為 省略的成分）。如：
1.A man and (a) woman have just passed by.
2.Please take good care of those books and (those) papers.
3.He lived in Beijing and (in) Shanghai for some time.
八、兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上被形容詞修飾的同一名詞，前邊的常被省略；重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的形容詞，后邊的可以省略（ 括號(hào)內(nèi)容為省略成分）。如：
1.There were middle-aged (men) and elderly men to attendthe meeting.
2.We are young boys and (young) girls.
九、如果句意或上下文意思清楚，一般動(dòng)詞前的人稱代詞和形容詞前的人稱代詞＋be可被省略；詞首的冠 詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞和助動(dòng)詞也可被省略（括號(hào)內(nèi)容為省略的成份）。如：
1.(Have you) Seen Tom?
2.(I) Couldn't know this matter.
3.(I) Hope to see you s 談高考英語(yǔ)試題中“省略”的考查oon.
4.(I am) Glad to see you.
5.(The) Car's giving trouble again.上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一頁(yè) 十、so，nor/neither 用來(lái)表示“……也一樣”時(shí)，也用省略結(jié)構(gòu)（括號(hào)內(nèi)容為省略的成份）。如：
1.—I am a student.
—So am I (a student).
2.—We haven't been there.
—Neither (Nor) have we (been there). 上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] [4]
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