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英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索
英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索 [作者] 李寶忱 [內(nèi)容] 人教社外語室提供的《中考樣題》中，第三卷主觀題部分占３０分（全卷１ ００分）；北京市９６、９７ 年初中華業(yè)、升學統(tǒng)一考試試卷中，第三卷非選擇 題部分占３５分（全卷１００分）。這里有兩點要強調(diào)：（ 一）不同的述語主觀 題和非選擇題其實是一個內(nèi)容，即重點測試考生的識記和運用四會詞匯、常用詞 語、動詞 各種形式和日常交際用語的能力，從而檢查學生運用已學的語言知識 進行初步書面表達的能力。（二）主觀題 和客觀題的比例大體是３：７，其目的 顯然是要指導中學英語教學全面貫徹教學大綱中所提出的聽、說、讀、 寫四會 的要求。 本文通過對９６和９７年幾省市中考試卷中主觀題的幾種試題類型進行綜 合比較和剖析，提出幾點改革思 索，以期與中考英語命題者和廣大英語教師共 磋。 一、檢查單詞 （一）單詞拼寫（共１０小題，計１０分） 根據(jù)英文解釋，完成下列單詞拼寫。每個單詞的第一個字母己給出。 1.n___ (the middle of the day) 2.d___ (not clean) 3.t___ (1,000) 4.l___(not dark) 5.c___(make or become different) 6.o___(more than) 7.o___(a place where business is done) 8.w___(the coldest season) 9.r___(the person who runs) 10.a___(say "yes") 答案：1.noon 2.dirty 3.thousand 4.light5.change 6.over 7.office 8.winter 9.runner10.agree （選自９７年安徽省中考試卷） 剖析：此題旨在檢查學生對初中英語四會單詞的準確掌握程度，強調(diào)日常學 習英語單詞的重要性。本題括 號中是單詞的英語解釋，其優(yōu)點是用英語鞏固英 語學習，并鼓勵學生平時多使用英漢、漢英雙解詞典， （二）根據(jù)句意用方框中所給詞的適當形式填空，每個詞只準使用一次。（共 ５分，每小題０．５分） When,easy,what,in,from,go, watch,kind,write,drink 1.We___ TV every evening. 2.Iwill___ to school early tomorrow. 3.They work___ the factory. 4.___ does the train leave? 5.I come___ China. 6.___ class are you in? 7.Look!They are___ tea over there now. 8.I think the first lesson is as___ as the second one. 9.Mrs Smith is so___ that we all like her. 10.The stories in this book ___many years ago. 答案：1.watch 2.go 3.in 4.When 5.from 6.What 7.drinking 8.easy 9.kind 10.werewritten （選自９７年北京市中考試卷） 剖析：此題旨在測試考生運用常見詞語的能力，引導學生不要孤立地死記硬 背單詞。 （三）根據(jù)句意用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。（共６分，每小題１分） 英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索 1.There are three___ on the desk.(book) 2.The___ lesson is very interesting.(six) 3.Let___ help you.(I) 4.Lucy is___ than Kate.(tall) 5.Who runs the___ in the class?(fast) 6.What's___ name,please?(you) 答案:1.books 2.sixth 3.me 4.taller 5.fastest 6.your （選自９７年北京市中考試卷） 剖析：該題主要檢查學生對名詞的數(shù)、所屬，代詞的變化，形容詞、副詞的 級，數(shù)詞的書寫和詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的 掌握程度，要求學生具有扎實的運用詞匯基本功。 目前檢查單詞掌握程度的還有以下形式: （Ｉ）根據(jù)下列句子及所給單詞的首字母，在橫線上寫出各單詞的完全形式。 （每空只寫一詞） When he was in the countryside he usual-ly w___ a pair of cloth shoes. （動詞原形wear，句中應 用過去時wore） （Ⅱ）根據(jù)下列句子所給的漢語注釋。在句中橫線上寫出空缺處各單詞的正 確形式。（每空只寫一詞） When he was in the countryside he usual-ly___(穿)a pair of cloth shoes.(wore) 做上述題時，要注意以下三點： （A）在語境中考查單詞，首先要把句子看明白，切忌不理解句意就忙于填 詞。 （B）要全面掌握單詞的詞義和詞形變化。 （C）填入一詞，再通讀全句，看其拼寫和詞形是否符合句子結(jié)構的要求。 二、檢查動詞應用 （一）動詞填空 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1.Look!All the runners___(run) very fast. 2.What___ you___ (do) this morning? 3.There___(be) a sports meeting on the play-ground next month. 4.The students___ (do)their homework when I saw them. 5.___ you___ (write)the letter?No,not yet. 6.I___just___ (have) breakfast.I___(have) it at home. 7.Most of the boys like___(play)football very much. 8.We won't go to the park if it___(not be)fine this Sunday. 答案：1.are running 2.did,do 3.will be/is going to be 4.were doing 5.Have,written 6.have,had ,had 7.playing 8.isn't （選自９６年天津市中考試卷） 剖析：旨在考查學生運用動詞形式的實際能力。檢測考生對動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、 人稱變化形式的掌握和運用 水平。 （二）讀下列短文。用所給動詞的適當形式填空。 I was winter,and Mrs Brown wanted(1)(do)a lot of shopping.She waited until it was Saturday,w hen her husband was free.Then she(2)(take)him to the shops with her,He helped her(3)(pay)for eve rything and to carry her things.They went to a lot of shops,and Mrs Brown(4)(buy)a lot of things .She often(5)(stop)and said:"Look Joe!Isn't that beauriful?" He then answered:"All right,dear.How much is it?"and got his money ready and(6)(pay)for it. It was dark when they came out of the last shop.Mr Brown was tired and(7)(think)about other things,like a nice drink by the side ofa warm fire at home.Suddenly his wife(8)(look)up at the s kyandsaid: "(9)(look)at the beautiful moon,Joe!" Without stopping,Mr Brown(10)(answer): "Allright,dear.How much is 英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索it?" 答案： 1.to do 2.took 3.(to)pay 4.bought 5.stopped 6.paid 7.was thinking 8.looked 9.Look 10. answered （選自人教社中考樣題二） 剖析：本題是在語篇中檢查學生運用動詞形式的實際能力。做題時首先要讀 通全文，了解主旨大意，特別 要注意首尾句，把握好時態(tài)，然后逐空填寫，最 后復核一遍全文。 三、檢查句子 （一）完成句子（共６小題，計１０分） 根據(jù)漢語完成下列句子，每空限填一詞。 １．約翰每天騎自行車上學。 John___ to school___ ___ every day. ２．別發(fā)愁，讓我來幫你。 ___ ___.Let___ ___ you. ３．春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。 When spring comes,it is getting___ ___ ___. ４.我們可在回家的路上到他們商店里買東西。 We can buy things from their shop___ ______ ___. ５．他們都喜歡和露西交朋友。 They all like to ___ ___ ___ Lucy. ６．努力學習，你能趕上別人的。 Work hark,and you'll be able to___ ___ ___others. 答案：1.goes,by bike/bicycle 2.Don't worry me help 3.warmer and warmer 4.onthe/our way home 5.make friends with 6.catch up with （二）改寫句子 在改寫后的句子中填入適當?shù)脑~，使其與原句意思相符，每空格限填一詞。 （共７小題，計１０分） 1.How is the weather in Yancheng? ___ is the weather___ in Yancheng? 2.Jane was too weak to do such heavy work. Jane was___ weak___ she___ do such heavy work. 3.New York is the biggest city in the USA. New York is___than ____ _____ city in the USA. 4. My brother doesn't study music. My sister doesn't study music, either. ____ my brother____my sister_____music. 5. The little boy didn't know what he should say before so many people. The little boy didn't know __ __ say be-fore so many people. 6. It's a long time since Timmy left his home-town. Timmy____ _____ ____ _____his hometown for a Iong time. 7. You can see many stars in the sky on a clear night. Many stars____ _____ _____in the sky on a clear night. 答案: 1. What, lick 2. so, that, couldn't 3. bigger, any, other 4. Neither, nor, studies 5. what to 6. has, been, away, from 7. can, be, seen (選自96年江蘇省中考試卷 ） 剖析： 上述題型旨在檢查學生詞語的運用能力與相似表達的轉(zhuǎn)換能力，并 提示教師在新教材（JEFC）教學 中不應忽視句型教學。 四、日常交際用語 （一）根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，在每個空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，使對話完整，合乎 情景。（共10分，每空1分） (Sh=shopkeeper Li=Miss Li) Sh: Gcod morning!What can I____ ____ you? 英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索 Li: I'd____two sweaters. Sh: What kind do you______? Li: I want some cotton ones. Sh: _____colour do you like? Li: Blue. Sh: What about this one? Li: _____ _____ ______it ? Sh: Fifty-five yuan. Li: Hmm—Do you have_____ ______ones in that size? Sh: Certainly !This way, please. Please take your time. 答案: do, for, like, want, What, How, much,is, any, other （選自97年北京市中考試卷） （二）書面表達（共15空，計15分） 根據(jù)上下文的意思，補全下列對話。每空填一詞，使其完整與正確。 --Good morning, doctor. --Good morning, Tom. What's your______________1 ? --I've got a headache. --______________2 you taken your temperature? -- No. --Let me___________3 your temperature._____________4 serious. --___________5 your mouth and say "Ah". --Aahh ! --Just a cold. How___________6 have you been like__________7 ? --Ever_____________8 last night. --Take___________9 medicine three___________10 a day. you'd _______11 stay in bed and hav e a good___________12 . You'll be _________13_______14 soon. I'm sure_________15 that. --Thank you, doctor. Goodbye. --Goodbye, Tom. 答案 1. trouble 2. Have 3. take 4. Nothing/Not 5. Open 6. long 7. this 8.since 9. this 10. t imes 11. better 12. rest 13. all 14. right 15. of (選自97年安徽省中考試卷) （三）根據(jù)下列對話內(nèi)容，按要求寫出一則電話留言。（本題5分，每小題 1分） Mike： Hello, 65908618. Man： Hello. May I speak to John? Mike: Sorry. He isn't in at the moment. Could I take a message? Man: Yes, please. My name is Zhou Liu. I'm John's friend. Please ask himto give me a call after 8in the evening. My telephone number is 68360166. Mike: OK. I'll tell him. Man: Tha.nk you. Goodbye I Mike .. Bye! 附圖{圖} 答案: Zhou Liu, John, him, call, .68360166 （選自96年天津市中考試卷） 剖析：此題旨在考查學生對日常交際用語的運用能力。命題時對交際范圍要 嚴格控制。平時訓練時，要特 別重視慣用詞的表達。 五、看圖寫話 （一）根據(jù)所給圖畫和圖內(nèi)外的提示詞語，寫出意思連貫，符合邏輯的四句 話，每幅圖只寫一句話，所給 提示詞語必須都用上。（注意：只抄提示語不得分。 共８分，每句２分） 附圖{圖} 英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索 圖1.Wei Fang,ill in,last week 圖2.we,her,after school 圖3.our teacher,her lessons 圖4.three days later,back to school,we,most of the subjects （選自９７年北京市中考試卷） （二）看圖完成對話（共８小題，計１５分） 根據(jù)圖畫所提供的情景，用適當?shù)木渥油瓿上铝袑υ挘啃☆}限寫一個句子。 （圖略） (S-Shopkeeper 店員 M-Mother) S:_______(1),Madam? M:I'd like a skirt for my daughter,please. S:_______(2)? M:She's fifteen years old. S:Here are some skirts for girls about fifteen. ______(3)? M:Blue. S:OK!________(4)? M:It looks nice,but I'm afraid it's too small for her.Will you show me that light blue one,p lease? S:Sure! M:Oh,that's good!Can she try it on? s:________(5). M:It's just right.________(6)? S:Sixty yuan,Madam. M:It's a bit expensive,but________(7).Here's the mon-ey. S:________(8).Bye! 答案： 1.What can I do for you Can /May I help you Anything I can do for you 2.How old is she/What's her age 3.What colour would she like/ What colour does she like/ What colour does she want/ What dolour do you want/What colour 4.What about this one/How about this one 5.Of course/Certainly/All right/Yes,please/ Yes,she can/Yes,of course/Of course,she can/OK/C ertainly,she can 6.How much is it/How much does it cost What does it cost/How much 7.I'll take it/I'll get it/I'll buy it 8.Thank you/Thanks/Thank you very much/ Thanks a lot （選自９６年江蘇省中考試卷） （三）看圖寫話（共２０小題，計分２０％） 根據(jù)圖示，在下面短文中填寫詞語，每個空格只能填寫一個單調(diào)，使短文池 通順、完整，并與圖意相符。 附圖{圖} 1.One day a little ______91 was _______92 football near a tree.Suddenly he kicked the ______ _93 so high that it ______94 onto thebranch(樹枝)of the tree. 2.______95 then there came an old ______96 withan umbrella(雨 傘)______97 his hand.The boy___ ___98 him what had hap-pened,and______99 him for help.Seeing that,the man decid-ed to ______100 the boy. 3.He______101 his umbrella at the ball.The ball______102 down,but his umbrella was hung on t he______103 instead. 4.The boy picked up his ball and ran ______104. But thetree was 英語中考筆試主觀題型剖析與探索so_____105 that the man coul d not ______106 it back.He _____107 there and ______108 up at his umbrella,not knowing______109 to do. Do you like the boy in the ______110? 答案：91.boy 92.playing 93.ball/football 94.went 95.Just 96.man 97.in 98.told 99.asked 100.h elp 101.threw 102.fell 103.tree 104.away 105.high/tall 106.get107.stood 108.looked 109.what 110. picture/story （選自９６年浙江省中考試卷） 剖析：此題旨在考查學生運用語言知識進行初步書面表達的能力。書寫內(nèi)容 要嚴格控制使用四會詞語，并 與圖畫內(nèi)容一致．看圖寫話是用視覺構思進行書 面表達。此種題型也是平時課堂情景教學的好方法。 六、短文改錯 Chinese is spoken for the largest number of 1.___people in the world.English is wide spoken in 2.___the world.It's also used for business between 3.___different countries.Most business let ters a- 4.___round the world were written inEnglish. 5.___Half the world's telephone calls are m ade in 6.___English.English is one of most important 7.___languages in the world.If you learn ev en a 8.___little English,you'll find it useful after you 9.___leave school.Is that all
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